A number of students of Madrasah Aliyah Negeri (MAN) Parungpanjang, Bogor, visit the Constitutional Court on Thursday (24/10) afternoon. Court researcher Abdul Ghoffar receives their arrival as well as providing a brief lesson about the Constitution. Among other things, he describes the various types of theories of sovereignty.

Ghoffar simply explained by the theory of People’s sovereignty to the King Sovereignty. Every human being has sovereignty respectively. That is, all people have the right to be king, all the people have a right to the people. So how is the mechanism when then everything balanced. Who is in charge?

On the matter, said Ghoffar, the social contract theory explained that the leaders and people ‘sit together’, and then agreed that leaders have a number of rights and the public also have a variety of rights. "The theory of the social contract is not the first time there was in the days of the Kingdom of Greece, but at the time of the Prophet Muhammad through the Charter of Medina," said Ghoffar.

"Apparently Rasululllah SAW already doing social contract theory, when the Prophet Muhammad came to Medina, Medina residents sit together and make an agreement on authority and community leaders," added Ghoffar.

While in Indonesia alone there are concepts of social agreement, as the agreement made Bung Karno and his friends, the leaders of the community who called the Constitution or the constitution.

"In 1945 a power-sharing mentioned. Before the 1945 Constitution changes, we recognize the Assembly as the highest state institution. We also know the state institutions, including the President, Parliament, Audit BOard, Supreme Court," added Ghoffar.

However, after the 1945 Constitution changes, the position of all state institutions changed. Why should this be changed?

"As enacted the 1945 Constitution, twice bring together leaders become authoritarian. Bung Karno at the very beginning of democratic leadership, but in the end became an authoritarian leadership. Pak Harto, too, beginning very democratic leadership, but at the end of his leadership so very authoritarian," explained Ghoffar.

"Now there is no longer the highest state institution. MPR is no longer the highest state institution, but equal with the President, the House of Representatives and the Supreme Court," said Ghoffar. (Nano Tresna Arfana / mh)