Constitutional Justice Harjono accompanied by Ibrahim Jumare (group leader) when describing the history of Indonesian independence and the establishment of the Constitutional Court of the Republic of Indonesia to National Resilience (Lemhanas) members of Nigeria who visited the Constitutional Court on Wednesday (15 / 6) in the 8th Floor Court House.

All members of National Resilience of Nigeria visited the Constitutional Court (MK), Wednesday (15/6) afternoon, received directly by Constitutional Justice Harjono. On that occasion, Harjono explained the history of Indonesian independence, the history of Indonesia's constitution, including the background of the establishment of the Constitutional Court of the Republic of Indonesia (MKRI).

Harjono explained that on August 6 of 1945 atomic bomb dropped on Hiroshima by the United States, which began to demoralize the spirit of the Japanese army in the world. A day later, Investigation Agency Efforts Preparation of Indonesian Independence (BPUPKI) or "Dokuritsu Junbi Cosakai", and it renamed to PPKI (Preparatory Committee for Indonesian Independence), to further confirm the desire to achieve independence of Indonesia. On August 9 of 1945, the second atomic bomb dropped on Nagasaki, Japan surrendered to United States and its allies.

"This moment is also used by Indonesia to declare its independence on August 17 of 1945," said Harjono who accompanied by Ibrahim Jumare as a leader of the visiting group.

After Indonesian independence, the need for formal constitution can not be negotiable. On August 18 of 1945, the Preparatory Committee for Indonesian Independence (PPKI) held its first meeting and produced some of the following decisions among others to determine and approve the opening of the 1945
Constitution. The material is taken the results of the drafting committee on June 22 of 1945. Then it determines and certifies the 1945 Constitution. All materials are almost entirely taken from a draft prepared by the committee designer of Constitution on June 16 of 1945.

In the period 1945-1950, the 1945 can not be fully implemented because of Indonesia has been preoccupied with the struggle for independence, until the enactment of the Constitutional RIS of 1949 and Constitution of 1950. In the period of 1950, the system was parliamentary democracy and was often called Liberal Democracy. But the political situation had changed again, after the issuance of Presidential Decree of July 5, 1959 that one of its contents reinstates the 1945 Constitution as the Constitution, replacing the Constitution of 1950.

A few years into the 1945 Constitution of Indonesia, until 1998 due to the reformation of the new order of non-democratic government, it was also not serious about eradicating corruption, collusion and nepotism (KKN), rampant human rights violations as well as the lack of law enforcement measures carried out. That's why, in 1999 started the 1945 Constitution’s amendment. Stages of the amendment made four times (1999-2002).

One change from the 1945 is about the power of People Consultative Assembly (MPR). In Article 1 Paragraph (2) amended, it states that "Sovereignty belongs to the people and carried out according to the Constitution". This is different as mentioned in the 1945 Constitution before the amendment that "Sovereignty belongs to the people and fully implemented by the Assembly".

In 2003 the Constitutional Court of the Republic of Indonesia (MKRI) was formed on August 13, 2003. The reason the establish MKRI was the changing of 1945 Constitution adopted by the Assembly, as defined in Article 24 paragraph (2) and Article 24C of the Constitution of the Third Amendment. (Nano Tresna A. / mh)